![]() ![]() Boric oxide is used to manufacture tough, heat resistant glass known as Pyrex. Several compounds of boron are in common use commercially. This also makes it desirable as a radiation shield, as well as a neutron detector. This makes it useful in the control rods of nuclear reactors to maintain a safe nuclear chain reaction. Some useful atomic properties of boron include: Atomic weightĭue to boron's high neutron cross section it is an effective neutron absorber. It is not found in high abundance in the universe or on Earth, however there is enough of it on Earth to satisfy its certain applications in human society. ![]() īoron ( B) is the 5 th element on the periodic table. Boron, atomic weight of 10.811 and atomic number of 5. ![]() The Standard English unit is pounds mass per cubic foot ( lbm/ft 3).īoron – Properties Summary Element Boron Atomic Number 5 Symbol B Element Category Metalloids Phase at STP Solid Atomic Mass 10.811 Density at STP 2.46 Electron Configuration 2s2 2p1 Possible Oxidation States +3 Electron Affinity 26.7 Electronegativity 2.04 1st Ionization Energy 8.298 Year of Discovery 1808 Discoverer Davy, Sir Humphry & Thénard, Louis-Jaques & Gay-Lussac, Louis-Joseph Thermal properties Melting Point 2079 Boiling Point 2550 Thermal Conductivity 27 Specific Heat 1.02 Heat of Fusion 50.2 Heat of Vaporization 489.Figure 1. The standard SI unit is kilograms per cubic meter ( kg/m 3). In other words, the density (ρ) of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume: Typical densities of various substances at atmospheric pressure.ĭensity is defined as the mass per unit volume. How does the atomic mass determine the density of materials? Density of Boron The atomic mass number determines especially the atomic mass of atoms. The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element. For 63Cu, the atomic mass is less than 63, so this must be the dominant factor. A nucleus with greater binding energy has lower total energy, and therefore a lower mass according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation E = mc 2. The nuclear binding energy varies between nuclei.This increases the mass of nuclei with more neutrons than protons relative to the atomic mass unit scale based on 12C with equal numbers of protons and neutrons. The neutron is slightly heavier than the proton.There are two reasons for the difference between mass number and isotopic mass, known as the mass defect: For example, 63Cu (29 protons and 34 neutrons) has a mass number of 63, and an isotopic mass in its nuclear ground state is 62.91367 u. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass usually differs and is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon (either a single proton or neutron) and is numerically equivalent to 1 g/mol.įor 12C, the atomic mass is exactly 12u, since the atomic mass unit is defined from it. One atomic mass unit is equal to 1.66 x 10 -24 grams. The unit of measure for mass is the atomic mass unit (amu). Therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occurring isotopes and their abundance. Note that each element may contain more isotopes. ![]() How does the atomic number determine the chemical behavior of atoms? Atomic Mass of Boron Since the number of electrons is responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. Boron is a chemical element with atomic number 5 which means there are 5 protons and 5 electrons in the atomic structure. ![]()
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